Nose bleeding (epistaxis)
Introduction:
The health of the population is very important to improve the community
and society, and one of the problems that may person or parent faces during the
summer season or serious health problem is nose bleeding, called epistaxis.
Anatomy and function of the nose parts:
The nose is part of your respiratory tract and
is located in the face, there were many parts in the nose that is important for
the health of the person that was:
1- Bones that support the nose and its hard give
the nose its shape
2- Hair and cilia that are located inside the nose
cause protection of the inside nose areas from dirt and harmful particles.
3- Nasal cavity parts are located inside the nose
and lining with mucus membranes.
4- Nerve cells are responsible of contact with the
brain when smelling any smell the signal will go to the brain to identify the
source of the smell.
5- The nostrils are the two openings in the nose
that allow the air to enter the nasal cavity and are divided with the septum.
6- The sinuses are located in the nasal cavity to
produce mucus for the nose to keep the nose moist.
7- The turbinates located also inside the nose help
to keep the nose warm and moist, and have nasal drainage.
8- The blood vessels in the nasal cavity nourish
the nose parts to do their function.
https://youtu.be/xZNp5djpsIs
Nose bleeding:
Nose bleeding
also called epistaxis appeared because of the damage or rupture of the nasal
cavity blood vessels can be in children, adults, and pregnant ladies because of
many reasons that were:
•
Dry the
nose surface because of dry climate, heat, or cold.
•
Rubbing your nose hardly.
•
Nose blowing frequently.
•
A hard object that injured the nose.
•
Type
of medication that causes nasal dryness or bleeding.
•
Infection to the nose especially the sinus.
•
The hereditary of some syndrome cause nose
bleeding.
•
Type of tumors causes nose bleeding.
•
Diseases of blood vessels like increased
blood pressure or accumulation of plaque on the blood vessels cause the blood
vessels to rupture.
•
Some medical problems that may cause low
platelets, which help the blood clot
Emergency management of nose bleed at home:
At home, the person or parent must identify how to manage a nose bleed, and
must not be kept for a long time that may cause the person to lose blood and
faint.
The equipment required to stop nose bleed was:
•
Gauze
•
Gloves
•
Antiseptic solution
•
Cold pack
The procedure:
•
Explain the procedure to patient
•
Hand washing and wear gloves are better
because the contact with blood
•
Ask the patient to sit down
•
Tilt the patient head forward to allow
blood to flow forward
•
Let patient breathe from his mouth, not his
nose
•
Pinch the upper part of the nose
•
Advice the patient to avoid speaking ,
swallowing, coughing, sniffing
•
Give clothes or tissues to mop nose dribbling
•
Place cold packs on the nose
•
After 10 min tell patient to release pressure
if bleeding not stopped reapply for more 10 min
•
Once stopped clean the nose and around
it
If all the procedures were done and the bleeding is
still not stopped you must take the patient to the nearest hospital.
Prevention of nose bleeding:
Nose bleeding can cause serious problems for some
people so to prevent recurrent nose bleeding the person can:
1-
Use saline nasal sprays or nasal gel that
lubricate the nasal cavity and protect it from dryness.
2-
Use
a humidifier in the bedroom especially at night that helps to lubricate the
nose
3-
Avoid
forcefully blowing the nose when sneezing
4-
Avoid
playing with your fingers or putting solid objects in the nose this can induce
bleeding.
5-
Identify
the medications that cause nose bleeds and take advice from the doctor related
to its complications.
6-
Protect
your face when playing or during extreme heat or extreme cold that can cause
dryness of the nasal cavity or injury to it.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, nose bleed is a
common problem that a person may face during his normal activity, so each
person must know how to manage and stop a nose bleed. If the problem becomes
more recurrent the person must visit the physician to identify the causes and
to find a solution related to this problem. Nose bleed can be a serious problem
if not treated properly.